Pregnancy-Related Frequently Asked Questions

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A Pap test is not usually painful, but some women may feel:

✔ Mild pressure or discomfort when the speculum is inserted.
✔ A slight scraping sensation when cervical cells are collected.

Deep breathing and relaxing the pelvic muscles can help minimize discomfort. If you experience severe pain, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for a more comfortable experience. 

A Pap test does not directly detect HPV, but it can identify abnormal cervical cells that may be caused by an HPV infection.

✔ A separate HPV test is available to check for high-risk HPV strains linked to cervical cancer.
✔ Many women undergo co-testing (Pap + HPV test) for a more comprehensive screening.

For accurate cervical cancer screening, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

A Pap smear test is a quick and simple procedure that involves:

1. Lying on an examination table with your feet in stirrups.
2. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to open the cervix.
3. A soft brush or spatula collects cervical cell samples.
4. The sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis.

✔ The procedure takes just a few minutes.
✔ No recovery time is needed.

If you're due for a Pap test, schedule your appointment with Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

✔ Women aged 21–65 should get a Pap test every 3 years.
✔ If combined with an HPV test, it can be done every 5 years.
✔ Women with a history of abnormal Pap results may need more frequent testing.

Regular Pap smears help detect early cervical changes and prevent cervical cancer. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, provides comprehensive cervical health screenings. 

A Pap smear test is available at:

✔ Gynecologist’s offices
✔ Women’s health clinics
✔ Hospitals
✔ Primary healthcare centers

For a safe and comfortable Pap smear test, book an appointment with Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

Yes, Pap smears are specifically for females to screen for:

✔ Cervical cancer
✔ HPV-related abnormalities

If you're unsure whether you need a Pap test, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

A Pap test does not diagnose cancer, but it can detect:

✔ Precancerous cervical cell changes.
✔ Abnormal cells that may develop into cervical cancer.

If abnormalities are found, a biopsy or colposcopy may be needed for further evaluation. For expert cervical cancer screening, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

❌ Avoid scheduling a Pap smear during your period because menstrual blood can:

✔ Interfere with test accuracy.
✔ Obscure abnormal cells, leading to inconclusive results.

✔ Best time for a Pap test: At least 5 days after your period ends.

To plan your Pap smear at the right time, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

✔ Pap Smear Test: Detects abnormal cervical cells that may lead to cancer.
✔ HPV Test: Detects the human papillomavirus (HPV), the main cause of cervical cancer.

📌 Co-testing (Pap + HPV test) is recommended for women over 30.

For a detailed cervical screening, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

The cost of a Pap smear test varies based on location and healthcare provider:

✔ India: ₹500–₹12,500

✔ Some health insurance plans cover the cost.

For affordable and accurate Pap smear tests, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

Book Your Pap Smear Test Today!

Regular Pap smear screenings are essential for cervical cancer prevention. If you're due for a test, book a consultation with Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for expert care.

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Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a condition where the ovaries produce excess immature eggs, which can lead to:

✔ Irregular menstrual cycles
✔ Hormonal imbalances
✔ Weight gain & acne
✔ Difficulty in conception

This common reproductive disorder can be effectively managed with diet, exercise, and medical treatment. If you are experiencing symptoms, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for an accurate diagnosis. 

Many people confuse PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) and PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), but they are different:

✔ PCOD: A milder condition caused by poor lifestyle choices, leading to the release of immature eggs. It can be managed with lifestyle changes.
✔ PCOS: A more severe metabolic disorder that leads to high androgen levels, cyst formation, and hormonal imbalance, often requiring medical intervention.

For a correct diagnosis and treatment plan, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

PCOD symptoms vary but often include:

✔ Irregular or missed periods
✔ Unexplained weight gain
✔ Acne & oily skin
✔ Excessive hair growth (hirsutism)
✔ Hair thinning or hair loss
✔ Mood swings & depression
✔ Difficulty in conceiving

If you notice these symptoms, seek medical advice from Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

Regular exercise can help regulate hormones and improve insulin sensitivity. The best workouts for PCOD include:

✔ Walking or jogging – Burns calories and reduces insulin resistance.
✔ Strength training – Increases metabolism and muscle mass.
✔ Yoga & Pilates – Helps manage stress and balance hormones.
✔ High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) – Boosts fat loss and improves cardiovascular health.

Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, can guide you on the best exercises for your condition. 

❌ PCOD cannot be completely cured, but it can be effectively managed through:

✔ Healthy diet & exercise
✔ Stress management
✔ Medications (if required)
✔ Regular gynecological check-ups

With consistent lifestyle changes, symptoms can be controlled. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, specializes in PCOD management. 

PCOD itself does not cause cancer, but if left untreated, it may increase the risk of:

❌ Endometrial cancer – Due to irregular ovulation and high estrogen levels.
❌ Type 2 diabetes – Associated with insulin resistance.
❌ Heart disease – Linked to high cholesterol and obesity.

Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent these complications. Consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for risk assessment and management. 

A balanced diet plays a crucial role in managing PCOD.

✔ High-fiber foods – Vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
✔ Lean proteins – Chicken, fish, tofu, and beans.
✔ Healthy fats – Nuts, seeds, olive oil, and avocados.
✔ Low-GI foods – Brown rice, quinoa, and oats to regulate blood sugar.

🚫 Avoid: Processed foods, sugary drinks, and excess dairy.

For a personalized diet plan, book an appointment with Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

While lifestyle changes are key, certain natural remedies may help:

 ✔ Spearmint tea – Reduces excess androgen levels.
✔ Cinnamon – Helps regulate menstrual cycles.
✔ Flaxseeds & chia seeds – Improve hormone balance.
✔ Apple cider vinegar – May help with insulin resistance.

📌 Always consult a gynecologist before trying home remedies. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, provides expert guidance on holistic PCOD management.

PCOD can cause irregular ovulation, making conception difficult. However, with proper treatment, a balanced diet, and lifestyle modifications, many women with PCOD can:

 ✔ Conceive naturally
✔ Improve ovulation with medical assistance
✔ Increase fertility through weight management

If you’re planning pregnancy with PCOD, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

 ✔ PCOD leads to weight gain due to insulin resistance & hormonal imbalances.
✔ Losing weight is challenging, but possible with a low-GI diet and regular exercise.
✔ Even a 5–10% weight loss can significantly improve PCOD symptoms and fertility.

For weight management strategies, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

 Manage PCOD Effectively with Expert Care

PCOD can be controlled with the right approach. If you're struggling with PCOD symptoms, irregular periods, or fertility issues, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for a personalized treatment plan.

📅 Schedule Your Consultation Today!

Pregnancy is considered high-risk if the mother falls into certain age brackets:

✔ Under 18 years old – Increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and high blood pressure.
✔ 35 years or older – Higher risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension, and chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome.
✔ Over 40 years old – Increased chances of miscarriage, preterm labor, and C-section delivery.

However, with proper prenatal care, a healthy pregnancy is possible at any age. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, specializes in high-risk pregnancy management for women in these age groups.

Elevated blood sugar levels during pregnancy can indicate gestational diabetes, which may lead to complications for both mother and baby. The recommended blood sugar levels are:

 ✔ Fasting blood sugar: Below 95 mg/dL
✔ 1 hour after meals: Below 140 mg/dL
✔ 2 hours after meals: Below 120 mg/dL

If your blood sugar levels exceed these limits, dietary changes, exercise, and medication may be necessary. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, provides gestational diabetes screening and management for a healthy pregnancy.

Signs that your pregnancy may be high-risk include:

❌ Severe headaches or vision changes (possible preeclampsia)
❌ Persistent high blood pressure
❌ Excessive swelling in hands, feet, or face
❌ Severe abdominal pain or early contractions (before 37 weeks)
❌ Decreased fetal movement
❌ Vaginal bleeding or unusual discharge

If you experience any of these warning signs, seek immediate medical attention from Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

A high-risk pregnancy requires extra care and monitoring to prevent complications. The best management strategies include:

✔ Frequent prenatal checkups to track baby’s growth and maternal health.
✔ Blood pressure and glucose control to prevent preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
✔ Specialized screenings to detect genetic risks and fetal abnormalities.
✔ Healthy lifestyle modifications – A balanced diet, gentle exercise, and stress management.

For a personalized high-risk pregnancy care plan, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

 Yes, a vaginal delivery is possible, depending on how well complications are managed:

✔ If blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and fetal growth are stable, a normal delivery can be safe.
✔ If complications arise, a C-section may be required for the safety of both mother and baby.

Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, will assess your condition and recommend the safest delivery method.

A pregnancy after 35 is categorized as high-risk because of:

 ❌ Higher chances of gestational diabetes & hypertension
❌ Increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome)
❌ Greater likelihood of preterm labor or miscarriage

However, many women over 35 have healthy pregnancies with advanced medical care. If you're planning pregnancy after 35, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for specialized prenatal care.

Yes, a twin pregnancy is automatically considered high-risk due to:

 ✔ Increased risk of preterm birth (before 37 weeks)
✔ Higher chance of gestational diabetes & preeclampsia
✔ More strain on the uterus and placenta

With regular monitoring and lifestyle adjustments, twin pregnancies can be managed safely. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, offers expert care for multiple pregnancies.

Mild, low-impact exercises can help maintain fitness without straining the body:

✔ Walking – Improves circulation and keeps weight in check.
✔ Prenatal yoga – Relieves stress and enhances flexibility.
✔ Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) – Strengthens muscles for labor and delivery.

🚫 Avoid: High-intensity workouts, heavy lifting, and strenuous activities.

Before starting an exercise routine, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

To ensure a safe pregnancy, follow these tips:

 ✔ Attend all prenatal checkups for close monitoring.
✔ Follow a balanced diet rich in protein, fiber, and essential nutrients.
✔ Monitor blood sugar & blood pressure regularly.
✔ Stay hydrated and get plenty of rest.
✔ Avoid smoking, alcohol, and excessive caffeine.

For comprehensive high-risk pregnancy care, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

If you’re experiencing a high-risk pregnancy, early detection and specialized care are essential. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, provides advanced pregnancy care to ensure the best possible outcome for you and your baby.

📅 Schedule Your Consultation Today!

Vaginal discharge varies depending on hormonal changes, menstrual cycle phase, and vaginal health. The most common types include:

 ✔ Clear & watery – Normal; may increase after exercise.
✔ White & thick – Normal before periods; if clumpy (like cottage cheese), it may indicate a yeast infection.
✔ Yellow or green – Could signal an infection, especially if it has a foul odor.
✔ Brown – Often seen after periods and may indicate old blood or spotting.
✔ Gray with a foul smell – Possible bacterial vaginosis (BV).

If you notice abnormal discharge, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, a Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for an accurate diagnosis. 

✔ Normal Discharge: Clear, white, or slightly yellow with a mild odor; varies throughout the menstrual cycle.
❌ Abnormal Discharge: Thick, clumpy, green, gray, or foul-smelling; often accompanied by itching, burning, or irritation.

If you notice sudden changes in vaginal discharge, schedule a consultation with Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

White vaginal discharge can be normal or a sign of infection, depending on its texture and smell.

 ✔ Hormonal changes (normal before & after ovulation) – No odor or discomfort.
✔ Yeast infection – Thick, clumpy, white discharge with severe itching and irritation.
✔ Bacterial vaginosis (BV) – Thin, white discharge with a strong fishy smell.
✔ Pregnancy – Increased milky white discharge (leukorrhea) due to hormonal changes.

For persistent white discharge with discomfort, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar the Best Gynecologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

✔ Pale yellow (without odor) – Normal and may result from diet or supplements.
❌ Bright yellow or green (foul-smelling) – Could indicate an STD (like trichomoniasis) or a bacterial infection.

To rule out infections, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Colposcopist and Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

Yes, vaginal discharge before menstruation is normal. It may appear:

✔ White or creamy – Due to increased progesterone levels.
✔ Sticky or stretchy – If ovulation is still occurring.

However, if the discharge is accompanied by itching, bad odor, or an unusual color, it may indicate an infection. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist in Chembur, Mumbai, can help diagnose and treat the cause. 

 ✔ Increased white, milky discharge (leukorrhea) – Normal due to hormonal changes.
❌ Green, yellow, or foul-smelling discharge – May indicate an infection that needs medical attention.
🚨 Seek urgent care if you notice bloody, watery, or foul-smelling discharge during pregnancy.

If you are pregnant and experiencing abnormal discharge, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Obstetrician in Chembur, Mumbai.

 ✔ Ovulation & pregnancy – Increased estrogen levels.
✔ Sexual arousal – Natural lubrication.
✔ Hormonal birth control – Can lead to more discharge.
✔ Infections (yeast infection, BV, STDs) – Excessive discharge with itching, odor, or unusual color.

If discharge suddenly increases and causes discomfort, schedule a visit with Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Obstetrician in Chembur, Mumbai. 

While normal vaginal discharge does not require treatment, these remedies can help maintain vaginal health:

 ✔ Probiotics (yogurt, kefir) – Promote healthy vaginal flora.
✔ Stay hydrated – Helps maintain vaginal pH balance.
✔ Wear breathable cotton underwear – Reduces moisture buildup.
✔ Avoid scented soaps, douches, or harsh hygiene products – Can disrupt natural bacteria balance.

🚨 If symptoms persist, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, rather than relying solely on home remedies. 

Yes, abnormal vaginal discharge can indicate an infection if it presents with:

 ❌ Thick, white, clumpy discharge + itching → Possible yeast infection.
❌ Gray, thin, fishy-smelling discharge → Possible bacterial vaginosis (BV).
❌ Yellow or green, foul-smelling discharge → Could indicate an STD.

If you experience abnormal discharge, seek prompt medical attention from Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist Chembur, Mumbai.

Vaginal discharge is a key indicator of reproductive health. If you notice unusual changes, early diagnosis is essential. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, offers expert diagnosis and treatment for all vaginal health concerns.

📅 Book Your Appointment Today!

Infertility often has no obvious symptoms beyond the inability to conceive. However, common signs include:

 ✔ Irregular or absent periods – May indicate ovulation disorders like PCOS or thyroid dysfunction.
✔ Painful periods – Could be due to endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
✔ Hormonal imbalances – Symptoms like acne, sudden weight gain/loss, or excess facial hair.
✔ Recurrent miscarriages – May signal hormonal issues, uterine abnormalities, or genetic factors.
✔ Male infertility factors – Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or erectile dysfunction.

🚨 When to See a Doctor? If you’re struggling to conceive, visit Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for expert evaluation.

Male infertility accounts for nearly 40-50% of infertility cases. Common causes include:

✔ Low sperm count or poor sperm motility – Reduces fertilization chances.
✔ Hormonal imbalances – Low testosterone affects sperm production.
✔ Varicocele – Enlarged veins in the testicles impair sperm quality.
✔ Infections – STDs or other infections can damage sperm production.
✔ Lifestyle factors – Smoking, alcohol, obesity, stress, and heat exposure affect fertility.

For a detailed analysis and treatment, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar the Best Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

Yes, endometriosis can significantly impact fertility by:

✔ Blocking fallopian tubes – Prevents sperm from reaching the egg.
✔ Causing inflammation – Affects egg quality and implantation.
✔ Disrupting ovulation – Irregular menstrual cycles reduce the chances of conception.

However, many women with endometriosis conceive naturally or with medical assistance. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist in Chembur, Mumbai, offers advanced treatments to help improve your fertility. 

Female infertility may result from:

✔ Ovulation disorders – PCOS, thyroid disorders, or hormonal imbalances.
✔ Blocked fallopian tubes – Caused by infections, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or endometriosis.
✔ Uterine abnormalities – Fibroids, polyps, or congenital defects.
✔ Hormonal imbalances – Affecting egg production and menstrual cycles.
✔ Age-related decline – Egg quantity and quality decrease with age.

🚨 If you’re struggling to conceive, book a consultation with Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist | Obstetrician | Colposcopist | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, for expert fertility care. 

Yes, chronic stress negatively impacts both male and female fertility by:

✔ Disrupting ovulation – Leading to irregular menstrual cycles.
✔ Lowering sperm count – High stress hormones reduce testosterone and sperm production.
✔ Reducing libido – Affecting sexual activity and conception chances.
✔ Affecting implantation – Increased cortisol levels can hinder pregnancy.

Managing stress through yoga, meditation, exercise, and therapy can improve fertility. For further guidance, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist in Chembur| Obstetrician in Chembur| Colposcopist in Chembur | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai. 

Yes, many infertility cases are treatable without IVF. Alternative options include:

 ✔ Ovulation-inducing medications – Clomid, Letrozole for women with irregular ovulation.
✔ Lifestyle modifications – Weight management, diet changes, quitting smoking and alcohol.
✔ Hormonal therapy – Treats conditions like PCOS and thyroid imbalances.
✔ Surgical treatments – Corrects blocked tubes, fibroids, or endometriosis.
✔ IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) – A less invasive alternative to IVF.

To explore personalized fertility treatments, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist in Chembur| Obstetrician in Chembur| Colposcopist in Chembur | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai.

Male infertility can be caused by:

 ✔ Low sperm production – Due to hormonal imbalances or genetic disorders.
✔ Poor sperm motility/morphology – Affects sperm’s ability to fertilize an egg.
✔ Varicocele – Enlarged veins reduce sperm production.
✔ Infections – Can damage sperm and reproductive health.
✔ Lifestyle factors – Smoking, alcohol, obesity, excessive heat exposure, and chronic stress.

🚨 If you need help, consult Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar, the Top Gynecologist in Chembur| Obstetrician in Chembur| Colposcopist in Chembur | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai for a comprehensive fertility assessment. 

If you're experiencing difficulty conceiving, early intervention is key. Dr. Kirti Shankhdhar,  the Top Gynecologist in Chembur| Obstetrician in Chembur| Colposcopist in Chembur | Preventive Oncologist in Chembur, Mumbai, specializes in diagnosing and treating fertility issues with the latest medical advancements.

📅 Book Your Appointment Today!